how does flak ammunition work how does flak ammunition work

. The cannon was fully automatic and effective against aircraft flying at altitudes up to 4,200 m. The cannon was produced in both towed and self-propelled versions. [35][36] On 6 May 1941, the NBS team built six fuzes which were placed in air-dropped bombs and successfully tested over water. "Eco-Friendly Biodegradable & Compostable Packaging Solution" current temperature near mysuru, karnataka; is mondo guerra still designing clothes Shortly after D-Day the Luftwaffe transferred 140 heavy batteries and 50 light flak batteries to Normandy. I would point to the Luftwaffe flak defenses of the Ruhr, their larger cities like Berlin and their oil refineries. All of the units in Warpath are the real units from World War II, from infantry units to rocket artillery. [ 12 August 2002, 09:22 AM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 12 August 2002, 04:29 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 13 August 2002, 12:48 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], (You must log in or sign up to reply here. When an 88 shell hit directly, it often completely destroyed a bomber. This is due to the same effect. A time- or height-triggered fuze requires good prediction by the gunner and accurate timing by the fuze. Thank you. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. As the war progress and the manpower shortage increased thousands of able-bodied flak men were transferred to the army. The tank chosen was Germany's own Leopard Main Battle Tank (MBT). In-Store Only. It had a low muzzle velocity and was only accurate to about 200 yards, assuming ammunition was available to fire - which was rarely. You measure the distance to the target, set the shell for that distance (or a few meters behind), and aim above the target. It took away from the narrative of how successful the Allied bombing campaign was and the heavy price they paid. <br /> [64] [65], 120mm HE mortar shell fitted with proximity fuze, 120mm HE mortar shell fitted with M734 proximity fuze, 60mm HE mortar shell fitted with proximity fuze. Thomas Kirkman May 27, 2020 @ 1:20pm. amtifo backup camera troubleshooting. The same is true of bombers. 4. How effective was it in WW2? Firing Coilguns draws power from connected Supercapacitors, as well as ammunition . But an explosion ABOVE is often lethal since those kinds of cover don't have roofs. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. Personal thoughts on it:Probably the cannon works with some sort of a pneumatic contraption. Once again enduring the strange looks at the range - "Why on earth do those idiots keep shooting cowboy boots at . [5] This was adopted by British forces as the 0.303 Incendiary B Mark VI. [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. The signals were in-phase one instant and out-of-phase a few hundred microseconds later. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. Vote! against light targets such as infantry and non-armored vehicles. Vote! The heavy gun could propel its 20.25-pound high-explosive shell to altitudes beyond 30,000 feet at a rate of about 15 projectiles per minute. how does flak ammunition work Like infantry it's worth noting that air burst rounds work on the same basic principle as flak and are used by mortars, artillary, etc. Vote! Optical sensing was developed in 1935, and patented in the United Kingdom in 1936, by a Swedish inventor, probably Edward W. Brandt, using a petoscope. Little priority was given to the project . 3. I would say the Germans and the Allies had guns and systems that were equal in effectiveness. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Although flak jackets offered some basic protection against small caliber bullets and shell fragments (which was valued by their users), ultimately they proved to be less effective than hoped. 50 Rounds of 115gr FMJ 9mm Ammo by Winchester. The Japanese did not develop a robust AA defensive system. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Also eventually pulled in were researchers from the National Bureau of Standards (this research unit of NBS later became part of the Army Research Laboratory). http://bit.ly/subAIRBOYD Timeless classic about anti-aircraft flak. Each gun, usually of 88mm caliber, could project a shell to 20,000ft and could knock out an aircraft within 30 yards of the shell burst. Measures 1 5/8 inches wide by 2 1/8 inches tall. Welcome to WWII Forums! We directly support the repository at WW2.ORG, and several other worthwhile projects that add to the historical record. There are 4 types of Flak Cannon ammunition: Explosive: Base ammo. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. The return signal is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone) meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the weapon. [9] Rockets have relatively low acceleration and no spin creating centrifugal force, so the stresses on the delicate electronic fuze are relatively benign. It is used in mines and torpedoes. This article focuses on which ammo to select in a given . While smaller shells without fuzes will need to actually hit the aircraft to damage it, most all other AAA will have some type of fuzing. The War Office proved uninterested in the concept and told the two to work on other issues. In May 1940 a formal proposal from Butement, Edward S. Shire, and Amherst F.H. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Early field testing connected the circuit to a thyratron trigger operating a tower-mounted camera which photographed passing aircraft to determine distance of fuze function. Entering service in 1965, the Leopard 1 is one of the most famous tanks of the Cold War and Modern Era. Discussion in 'Weapons & Technology in WWII' started by 9th Waffen SS, Aug 12, 2002. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. If you want to contribute, READ THIS FIRST . The versatile 88mm cannon was Germany's main heavy antiaircraftor "flak"gun during World War II. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Flash Sale. The tests were to be conducted over two days, but the testing stopped when drones were destroyed early on the first day. Thanks for reading my nosense about the flak cannon. [9], Given their previous work on radio and radiosondes at NBS, Diamond and Hinman developed the first all solid-state[when? I was wondering how such weapon could possibly work, how would cycling ammo work with such a shape and configuration, how does the weapon remove used cartridges from the barrel, how the heck does fresh ammo get in the barrel in the first place (you just see a new shot move magically into the firing chamber). Casing type: 88x571R. most expensive cities in atlanta; high neckerchief rdr2; english toothpaste brands; iphone unlock and stay on lock screen [57], The Pentagon refused to allow the Allied field artillery use of the fuzes in 1944, although the United States Navy fired proximity-fuzed anti-aircraft shells during the July 1943 invasion of Sicily. Having a flexible doctrine, the Germans used their anti-aircraft pieces in ground support . [33] Later, the Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards (which became the Harry Diamond Laboratories and later merged into the Army Research Laboratory in honor of its former chief in subsequent years) developed the first automated production techniques for manufacturing radio proximity fuzes at a low cost. Images of CAD renderings can be found below. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Winchester USA 5.56 Nato Ammunition 200 Rounds 55 Grain Full Metal Jacket. [64] [66], During WW2, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) investigated the use of acoustic proximity fuzes for anti-aircraft weapons but concluded that there were more promising technological approaches. university of phoenix alumni license plate frame. The British shared a wide range of possible ideas for designing a fuze, including a photoelectric fuze and a radio fuze, with United States during the Tizard Mission in late 1940. In order to be used with gun projectiles, which experience extremely high acceleration and centrifugal forces, the fuze design also needed to utilize many shock hardening techniques. Firing pin: Strikes the back of the flare and causes it to explode and shoot off down the barrel. These are enough to make up for its cons. [67] [68]. This wiki is dedicated to providing easy access to information on core mechanics of the mod, as well as information on weapons, ammunition and more. This is the standard high-explosive type ordnance initially designed for the German 88mm FlaK cannons in the early period of WW2, and then successfully used by the later tank KwK.36 cannons too, in the period 1933-45. NOTE: Click on images to view larger size. If the amplified beat frequency signal's amplitude was large enough, indicating a nearby object, then it triggered the fourth tube a gas-filled thyratron. Thompson was sent to the British Air Defence Establishment based on the second of the two concepts. Make a 1:1 scale print and you will shurely understand why this cartridge type deserves all due respect. The old man was a Vietnam vet and happened to be a gunner of said Flak guns. The Schmetterling, Enzian, Rheintochter and X4 guided missiles were all designed for use with the Kranich acoustic proximity fuze. You are at a gateway to WWII discussion, research, exploration, & analysis. The flak also blew up the trees, which created additional deadly shrapnel. Physicorium: good all-rounder against unarmored targets, has almost twice the standard damage. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. There are two basic ways to do that, make the shell explode at the time when it is near the target, or make it explode when the shell is simply near the target. Reverse is maker marked S.H.u.Co. The pin and catch are not present. The shell bursts at the appropriate height above ground. But this was a false metric. Indeed when you compare these numbers to the more effective 128mm AA gun the numbers are intriguing. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. View Coupon. There were a few that were specifically armoured like the Russian Il-2 and German Hs 129 ground attack aircraft to withstand light flak hits. An example of flak is the exploding ammunition that can damage a military plane when flying over enemy territory. I think the TF2 Engineer summed it up perfectly: "How am I going to stop some big mean mother hubbard from tearing me a structurally superfluous new behind? Flak can refer to criticism or worse, explosive shells from an antiaircraft weapon. [40], In the US, NDRC focused on radio fuzes for use with anti-aircraft artillery, where acceleration was up to 20,000g as opposed to about 100g for rockets and much less for dropped bombs. Join in if you dare! 2 Answers. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Russian Air Power* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) with Guy Plopsky: Part 1- How good is Russian air forcetraining? . [48] Testing also occurred at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, where about 15,000 bombs were fired. Each unit has its own specified abilities and stats. [9] A breadboard circuit was constructed and the concept was tested in the laboratory by moving a sheet of tin at various distances. [37] These tests included low- and high-temperature tests, humidity tests, and sudden jolt tests. To work in shells, a fuze needed to be miniaturized, survive the high acceleration of cannon launch, and be reliable. Additionally, targets with onboard electronics or computers can be damaged by metal fragments when they explode on the surface. I know that UT weapons aren't supposed to be something realistic, but if someone wanted to analyze for example the flak cannon, how would it do all the stuff it is supposed to do? Regular $179.99 (Save $50.00) $129.99. In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. The amplitude of the reflected signal corresponded to the closeness of the target. Its price point is 75 cents per round and its bullet weight is between 147 and 175 grains. Eine andere -Site. Though deadly, the effective range of these bullets was only 350 yards (320 m), as the phosphorus charge burned quickly. When the target was far away, little of the oscillator's transmitted energy would be reflected to the fuze. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? British tests were then carried out with "unrotated projectiles," in this case rockets. Automatic fuze setters were used as an 88 could fire 15-20 shells per minute and even the 128mm could manage 12 per minute. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Saturday NatSec Roundup - Lawyers, Guns & Money. Unreal Tournament is a series of multiplayer first person shooters made by Epic Games. The flammable hydrogen gas of the zeppelins made incendiary bullets much more deadly than standard ones which would pass through the outer skin without igniting the gas. Ammunition available: HE-T, HE-I, HEI-T, AP-T, Minengescho, Stielgranate 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. If either is wrong, then even accurately aimed shells may explode harmlessly before reaching the target or after passing it. .. undamaged item (including handmade items). [citation needed] To prevent premature detonation, the inbuilt battery that armed the shell had a several millisecond delay before its electrolytes were activated, giving the projectile time to clear the area of the gun.[45]. While no one invention won the war, the proximity fuze must be listed among the very small group of developments, such as radar, upon which victory very largely depended. [47] Similarly for example the word tank for an armored fighting vehicle was used to pretend plausibly that a carrier of water for troops on the battlefield was being developed. It was lightly armored, but extremely mobile . vs. Varian patent suit (which saved the U.S. Navy millions of dollars), the fuze design delivered by the Tizard Mission was "not the one we made to work! @JeremyECrawford already have a question. 56/57 single axle ammunition trailer towed by late war self-propelled Flak guns. (U.S. Navy) It even potentially saved the life of one of its creators, Dr. Van Allen. Actuation can be either through an electronic circuit coupled to a microphone, or hydrophone, or mechanically using a resonating vibratory reed connected to diaphragm tone filter. The only Allied option was tactical infatry inserted to upset the German air defenses and provide a diversion for the larger forces to come in after. (96) And so, there is evidence that there may soon be a pivot towards a Plan B; a long term insurgency, similar to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Flak proved a huge benefit to fighter pilots assigned to attack incoming raids. The versatile 88mm cannon was Nazi Germany's main heavy anti-aircraft gun, also known as the Flugabwehrkanone (meaning "aircraft defense cannon"), which was soon shortened to "flak." Used for example when the enemy is situated out of the line-of-sight in a trench or behind a mound. A 155mm artillery fuze with selector for point/proximity detonation (currently set to proximity). So, why was the 8.8 FLAK in WW2 used by german troops against tanks? Ammunition is used by Weapons, Vehicles, and player manned defenses. Due to their specialist nature they tend to be more expensive and larger than their standard counterparts. Items that can be anointed include weapons, shields, and grenade mods. The reverse side is maker marked 'A' for the manufacturing firm of Assmann. This signal is sent through a band-pass filter, amplified, and triggers the detonation when it exceeds a given amplitude. fine for not having a boat licence qld; cherokee brick products Impact and timed rounds. What were the big innovations in AAA in WW2? The device described in World War II patent[63] works as follows: The shell contains a micro-transmitter which uses the shell body as an antenna and emits a continuous wave of roughly 180220MHz. Contrary to popular belief, flak jackets are not interchangeable with bulletproof vests. The British Mk VI bullet was copied by the United States in simplified form, for both their .30 and .50 aircraft bullets. The Flak 88 was a legendary WWII-era anti-air and an anti-tank gun used by Nazi Germany and their allies.Jul 22, 2018, Four were the different FlaKs produced and improved from 1933 until the end of WWII, 8.8 cm. Finally the shot would be grabbed by the "grabbing things" (the heck are they called) you see on the moving barrel. Indeed, even before the kamikaze appeared the US Navy made major improvement to their ships AA defenses with better radar direction, improved AA directors and gunsights and most importantly, more guns. [65], Hydroacoustic influence is widely used as a detonation mechanism for naval mines and torpedoes. How does flak work? This film provides an in-depth look at the weapons and methods of Ger. In Germany, more than 30 (perhaps as many as 50)[19] different proximity fuze designs were developed, or researched, for anti-aircraft use, but none saw service. [26][27], Looking for a short-term solution to the valve problem, in 1940 the British ordered 20,000 miniature tubes from Western Electric Company and Radio Corporation of America that were intended for use in hearing aids. The Hush-Kit Book of Warplanes will feature the finest cuts from this site along with exclusive new articles, explosive photography and gorgeous bespoke illustrations. The Columbia survived, but 13 crew members were killed. There are few weapons (aside from shotguns and large game hunting rifles) which have been built that fire projectiles between .50 caliber (0.50 inches/12.7 mm, roughly 13 mm caliber) and 20mm caliber, though the 14.5 mm caliber is used by some Soviet machineguns such as the KPV and antitank rifles such as PTRS, PTRD, and . By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Focused: Has a tighter spread for focusing far-away enemies or tight groups. A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Stewart pledged his support for Ukraine while visiting a hospital in Essex, England, adding more fighter . They were used in land-based artillery in the South Pacific in 1944. [citation needed] The British then adopted the simplified design as the Mk VII bullet. [14][15][16] Adm. Lewis L. Strauss wrote that, .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, One of the most original and effective military developments in World War II was the proximity, or 'VT', fuze. Any analysis that does not examine all components of the system, and acknowledge that interference with any part of it can sharply reduce its effectiveness, is incomplete. Despite intense work by the Germans to finish the project, it was finally put out of action by a raid on 6 July 1944 before a single shell . There were also over two thousand suppliers and subsuppliers, ranging from powder manufacturers to machine shops. Thanks for reading my nosense about the flak cannon. German flak defenses were responsible for more than half of all Allied aircraft losses. This was only partially true. (Yikes! The shell detonates and sends a flurry of ball bearings and shrapnel in all directions. Front shows a flak 88 artillery gun in the center with a German eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. Flak is defined as the bursting shells shot at aircraft from enemy guns on the ground, or criticism or opposition. "[27][30] As Tuve understood, the circuitry of the fuze was rudimentary. If my health was such that I was still in to historical board and miniatures games I betcha this would, umm, lets say, engender energetic conversation, in that realm. If the Luftwaffe had this shell the Allied bombing campaign would have been far more costly, or stopped altogether. Acoustic proximity fuzes are actuated by the acoustic emissions from a target (example an aircraft's engine or ship's propeller). Pressure sensors are usually used in combination with other fuze detonation technologies such as acoustic and magnetic induction. The fabricated sniper rifle also doesn't need a scope attachment since it comes as part of the gun . The main suppliers were Crosley, RCA, Eastman Kodak, McQuay-Norris and Sylvania. It was more of a gun-assisting radar with limited capabilities. [37] Other locations include Ft. Fisher in North Carolina and Blossom Point, Maryland. AA guns are actually rather effective against soft ground targets, too. The 3D kit is a Sondernhnger Sd. The US repeated it for N. Korea and N. Vietnam but failed again ( a whole another story) so luckily its not an era we will see again. [50] Once inspections of the finished product were complete, a sample of the fuzes produced from each lot was shipped to the National Bureau of Standards, where they were subjected to a series of rigorous tests at the specially built Control Testing Laboratory. The figure of 16,000 rounds of German 88mm ammunition being required to shoot down a heavy bomber is often quoted to show just how wasteful and ineffective antiaircraft fire really was. The 88 earned its reputation as the best overall gun of the war. This design was used in both the British No44 Pistol and the German Rheinmetall-Borsig BAZ 55A fuzes. Length of the cartridge case is 139mm, the body diameter of the shell 20 mm. Each ammo type may or may not stack in player's inventory depending on their uniform, and in vehicle or structure's inventory depending on their type. Definitions of flak . Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. With their moderate rate of fire, and typically inexpensive ammunition, they can make for good defensive weapons. Models & Kits; Military; Dnepro Model DM3518-1/35 German 88mm FLAK 36 ammo ammo box scale model kit. Measures 1 13/16 X 2 9/16 inches. As early as September 1939, John Cockcroft began a development effort at Pye Ltd. to develop tubes capable of withstanding these much greater forces. [notes 1] This reflected signal would affect the oscillator's plate current, thereby enabling detection. Shrapnel wounds became so common that eventually any wound from a metal fragment tended to be called "shrapnel" in general: from hang grenades, from debris thrown by an explosion, etc. The most developmentally advanced of the German acoustic fuze designs was the Rheinmetall-Borsig Kranich (German for Crane) which was a mechanical device utilizing a diaphragm tone filter sensitive to frequencies between 140 and 500Hz connected to a resonating vibratory reed switch used to fire an electrical igniter. They project narrow beams of laser light perpendicular to the flight of the missile. The Germans used flak guns against the 82nd and allied infantry during the battles in the Ardenne. How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA . Finally the shot would be grabbed by the "grabbing things" (the heck are they called) you see on the moving barrel. There was a reason the official histories downplayed the effectiveness of German flak. When the cell current changed a certain amount in a certain time interval, the detonation was triggered. This gun served as the main armament of the Tiger I heavy tank. Flak Ammo is a type of bullet that spreads in flight, making it good for medium-ranged combat. Same principle is used for special types of shrapnel ammo in the Carl Gustav recoilless rifle. Proximity fuzes fitted to such weapons as artillery and mortar shells solve this problem by having a range of set burst heights [e.g. Some modern air-to-air missiles (e.g. A ship's propeller rotating in water produces a powerful hydroacoustic noise which can be picked up using a hydrophone and used for homing and detonation. When a target was nearby, it would reflect a significant portion of the oscillator's signal. Nevertheless, it did a good job of stopping shell blasts, rocket fragments, and slow speed bullets fired at a moderate range. This problem was resolved by taking advantage of the change in frequency of the reflected signal. Weapons and Ammunition. [13], The proximity fuze was one of the most important technological innovations of World War II. [1] Incendiary bullets called "Buckingham" ammunition were supplied to early British night fighters for use against military zeppelins threatening the British Isles. If the shells exude at 5k feet couldn't bombers fly safer at 3k? British military researchers at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) Samuel C. Curran, William A. S. Butement, Edward S. Shire, and Amherst F. H. Thomson conceived of the idea of a proximity fuze in the early stages of World War II. For production times check Crafting. Speed was a factor, and most fighter pilots knew that when strafing a target you never made a second pass.. [31] Tuve claimed that despite being pleased by the outcome of the Butement et al. [60] German divisions were caught out in open as they had felt safe from timed fire because it was thought that the bad weather would prevent accurate observation. And if that don't work use more gun.". Our aviation shop ishereand our Twitter account here@Hush_Kit. This addon should work if enabled with new game This addon should not work if spawned by "Test Location" Air Force base is the place with many beds in barracks When entering Flak Challenge zone, there will be warning messages before the challenge actually start As the missile cruises towards its target the laser energy simply beams out into space. . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrapnel_shell. [25] Pye's research was transferred to the United States as part of the technology package delivered by the Tizard Mission when the United States entered the war. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.